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October 2017 -
Volume 15, Issue 8
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| From
the Editor |
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Editorial
A. Abyad (Chief Editor) |
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Original Contribution/Clinical Investigation
Immunity
level to diphtheria in beta thalassemia patients
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2017.93048
[pdf
version]
Abdolreza Sotoodeh Jahromi, Karamatollah Rahmanian,
Abdolali Sapidkar, Hassan Zabetian, Alireza
Yusefi, Farshid Kafilzadeh, Mohammad Kargar,
Marzieh Jamalidoust,
Abdolhossein Madani
Genetic
Variants of Toll Like Receptor-4 in Patients
with Premature Coronary Artery Disease, South
of Iran
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2017.93049
[pdf
version]
Saeideh Erfanian, Mohammad Shojaei, Fatemeh
Mehdizadeh, Abdolreza Sotoodeh Jahromi, Abdolhossein
Madani, Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi
Comparison
of postoperative bleeding in patients undergoing
coronary artery bypass surgery in two groups
taking aspirin and aspirin plus CLS clopidogrel
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2017.93050
[pdf
version]
Ali Pooria, Hassan Teimouri, Mostafa Cheraghi,
Babak Baharvand Ahmadi, Mehrdad Namdari, Reza
Alipoor
Comparison
of lower uterine segment thickness among nulliparous
pregnant women without uterine scar and pregnant
women with previous cesarean section: ultrasound
study
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2017.93051
[pdf version]
Taravat Fakheri, Irandokht Alimohammadi, Nazanin
Farshchian, Maryam Hematti,
Anisodowleh Nankali, Farahnaz Keshavarzi, Soheil
Saeidiborojeni
Effect
of Environmental and Behavioral Interventions
on Physiological and Behavioral Responses of
Premature Neonates Candidates Admitted for Intravenous
Catheter Insertion in Neonatal Intensive Care
Units
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2017.93052
[pdf
version]
Shohreh Taheri, Maryam Marofi, Anahita Masoumpoor,
Malihe Nasiri
Effect
of 8 weeks Rhythmic aerobic exercise on serum
Resistin and body mass index of overweight and
obese women
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2017.93053
[pdf
version]
Khadijeh Molaei, Ahmad Shahdadi, Reza Delavar
Study
of changes in leptin and body mass composition
with overweight and obesity following 8 weeks
of Aerobic exercise
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2017.93054
[pdf
version]
Khadijeh Molaei, Abbas Salehikia
A reassessment
of factor structure of the Short Form Health
Survey (SF-36): A comparative approach
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2017.93088
[pdf version]
Vida Alizad, Manouchehr Azkhosh, Ali Asgari,
Karyn Gonano
Population and Community Studies
Evaluation
of seizures in pregnant women in Kerman - Iran
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2017.93056
[pdf
version]
Hossein Ali Ebrahimi, Elahe Arabpour, Kaveh
Shafeie, Narges Khanjani
Studying
the relation of quality work life with socio-economic
status and general health among the employees
of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)
in 2015
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2017.93057
[pdf version]
Hossein Dargahi, Samereh Yaghobian, Seyedeh
Hoda Mousavi, Majid Shekari Darbandi, Soheil
Mokhtari, Mohsen Mohammadi, Seyede Fateme Hosseini
Factors
that encourage early marriage and motherhood
from the perspective of Iranian adolescent mothers:
a qualitative study
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2017.93058
[pdf
version]
Maasoumeh Mangeli, Masoud Rayyani, Mohammad
Ali Cheraghi, Batool Tirgari
The
Effectiveness of Cognitive-Existential Group
Therapy on Reducing Existential Anxiety in the
Elderly
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2017.93059
[pdf
version]
Somayeh Barekati, Bahman Bahmani, Maede Naghiyaaee,
Mahgam Afrasiabi, Roya Marsa
Post-mortem
Distribution of Morphine in Cadavers Body Fluids
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2017.93060
[pdf
version]
Ramin Elmi, Mitra Akbari, Jaber Gharehdaghi,
Ardeshir Sheikhazadi, Saeed Padidar, Shirin
Elmi
Application
of Social Networks to Support Students' Language
Learning Skills in Blended Approach
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2017.93061
[pdf
version]
Fatemeh Jafarkhani, Zahra Jamebozorg, Maryam
Brahman
The
Relationship between Chronic Pain and Obesity:
The Mediating Role of Anxiety
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2017.93062
[pdf
version]
Leila Shateri, Hamid Shamsipour, Zahra Hoshyari,
Elnaz Mousavi, Leila Saleck, Faezeh Ojagh
Implementation
status of moral codes among nurses
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2017.93063
[pdf
version]
Maryam Ban, Hojat Zareh Houshyari Khah, Marzieh
Ghassemi, Sajedeh Mousaviasl, Mohammad Khavasi,
Narjes Asadi, Mohammad Amin Harizavi, Saeedeh
Elhami
The comparison
of quality of life, self-efficacy and resiliency
in infertile and fertile women
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2017.93064
[pdf version]
Mahya Shamsi Sani, Mohammadreza Tamannaeifar
Brain MRI Findings in Children (2-4 years old)
with Autism
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2017.93055
[pdf
version]
Mohammad Hasan Mohammadi, Farah Ashraf Zadeh,
Javad Akhondian, Maryam Hojjati,
Mehdi Momennezhad
Reviews
TECTA gene function and hearing: a review
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2017.93065
[pdf version]
Morteza Hashemzadeh-Chaleshtori, Fahimeh Moradi,
Raziyeh Karami-Eshkaftaki,
Samira Asgharzade
Mandibular
canal & its incisive branch: A CBCT study
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2017.93066
[pdf
version]
Sina Haghanifar, Ehsan Moudi, Ali Bijani, Somayyehsadat
Lavasani, Ahmadreza Lameh
The
role of Astronomy education in daily life
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2017.93067
[pdf
version]
Ashrafoalsadat Shekarbaghani
Human brain
functional connectivity in resting-state fMRI
data across the range of weeks
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2017.93068
[pdf version]
Nasrin Borumandnia, Hamid Alavi Majd, Farid
Zayeri, Ahmad Reza Baghestani,
Mohammad Tabatabaee, Fariborz Faegh
International Health Affairs
A
brief review of the components of national strategies
for suicide prevention suggested by the World
Health Organization
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2017.93069
[pdf
version]
Mohsen Rezaeian
Education and Training
Evaluating
the Process of Recruiting Faculty Members in
Universities and Higher Education and Research
Institutes Affiliated to Ministry of Health
and Medical Education in Iran
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2017.93070
[pdf
version]
Abdolreza Gilavand
Comparison
of spiritual well-being and social health among
the students attending group and individual
religious rites
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2017.93071
[pdf
version]
Masoud Nikfarjam, Saeid Heidari-Soureshjani,
Abolfazl Khoshdel, Parisa Asmand, Forouzan Ganji
A
Comparative Study of Motivation for Major Choices
between Nursing and Midwifery Students at Bushehr
University of Medical Sciences
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2017.93072
[pdf
version]
Farzaneh Norouzi, Shahnaz Pouladi, Razieh Bagherzadeh
Clinical Research and Methods
Barriers
to the management of ventilator-associated pneumonia:
A qualitative study of critical care nurses'
experiences
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2017.93073
[pdf version]
Fereshteh Rashnou, Tahereh Toulabi, Shirin Hasanvand,
Mohammad Javad Tarrahi
Clinical
Risk Index for Neonates II score for the prediction
of mortality risk in premature neonates with
very low birth weight
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2017.93074
[pdf
version]
Azadeh Jafrasteh, Parastoo Baharvand, Fatemeh
Karami
Effect
of pre-colporrhaphic physiotherapy on the outcomes
of women with pelvic organ prolapse
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2017.93075
[pdf
version]
Mahnaz Yavangi, Tahereh Mahmoodvand, Saeid Heidari-Soureshjani
The
effect of Hypertonic Dextrose injection on the
control of pains associated with knee osteoarthritis
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2017.93076
[pdf
version]
Mahshid Ghasemi, Faranak Behnaz, Mohammadreza
Minator Sajjadi, Reza Zandi,
Masoud Hashemi
Evaluation
of Psycho-Social Factors Influential on Emotional
Divorce among Attendants to Social Emergency
Services
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2017.93077
[pdf
version]
Farangis Soltanian
Models and Systems of Health Care
Organizational
Justice and Trust Perceptions: A Comparison
of Nurses in public and private hospitals
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2017.93078
[pdf
version]
Mahboobeh Rajabi, Zahra Esmaeli Abdar, Leila
Agoush
Case series and Case reports
Evaluation
of Blood Levels of Leptin Hormone Before and
After the Treatment with Metformin
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2017.93079
[pdf
version]
Elham Jafarpour
Etiology,
Epidemiologic Characteristics and Clinical Pattern
of Children with Febrile Convulsion Admitted
to Hospitals of Germi and Parsabad towns in
2016
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2017.93080
[pdf
version]
Mehri SeyedJavadi, Roghayeh Naseri, Shohreh
Moshfeghi, Irandokht Allahyari, Vahid Izadi,
Raheleh Mohammadi,
Faculty development
The
comparison of the effect of two different teaching
methods of role-playing and video feedback on
learning Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2017.93081
[pdf
version]
Yasamin Hacham Bachari, Leila Fahkarzadeh, Abdol
Ali Shariati
Office based family medicine
Effectiveness
of Group Counseling With Acceptance and Commitment
Therapy Approach on Couples' Marital Adjustment
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2017.93082
[pdf
version]
Arash Ziapour, Fatmeh Mahmoodi, Fatemeh Dehghan,
Seyed Mehdi Hoseini Mehdi Abadi,
Edris Azami, Mohsen Rezaei
|
|
Chief
Editor -
Abdulrazak
Abyad
MD, MPH, MBA, AGSF, AFCHSE
.........................................................
Editorial
Office -
Abyad Medical Center & Middle East Longevity
Institute
Azmi Street, Abdo Center,
PO BOX 618
Tripoli, Lebanon
Phone: (961) 6-443684
Fax: (961) 6-443685
Email:
aabyad@cyberia.net.lb
.........................................................
Publisher
-
Lesley
Pocock
medi+WORLD International
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Sherbrooke 3789
AUSTRALIA
Phone: +61 (3) 9005 9847
Fax: +61 (3) 9012 5857
Email:
lesleypocock@mediworld.com.au
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Enquiries -
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Advertising
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Editor and Editorial Board cannot be held responsible
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| October 2017 -
Volume 15, Issue 8 |
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|
Etiology, Epidemiologic
Characteristics and Clinical Pattern of Children
with Febrile Convulsion Admitted to Hospitals
of Germi and Parsabad towns in 2016
Mehri Seyed Javadi (1)
Roghayeh Naseri (2)
Shohreh Moshfeghi (1)
Irandokht Allahyari (1)
Vahid Izadi (3)
Raheleh Mohammadi (1)
(1) Instructor
and Faculty Member of Ardabil University of
Medical Science, Nursing and Midwifery School,
Ardabil, Iran
(2) Instructor and Faculty Member of Ardabil
Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
(3) BA in Nursing, Student Research Committee
of Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil,
Iran
Correspondence:
Raheleh Mohammadi
Instructor and Faculty Member of Ardabil University
of Medical Science,
Nursing and Midwifery School,
Ardabil, Iran
Email:
r.mohammadi@arums.ac.ir
|
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Febrile
convulsion is the most common neurological
disorder in children. Despite the studies,
there are always controversies about the
clinical and epidemiological patterns
regarding the effect of genetic factors
and climatic conditions on its incidence.
The present study was carried out to investigate
the etiologic, epidemiologic and clinical
features of febrile seizure in children
admitted to the Children’s Hospital
of Germi and Parsabad in Ardebil province.
Methodology:
This retrospective descriptive cross-sectional
study was conducted on 148 cases of admitted
children due to febrile convulsion from
April to March 2016 in Parsabad and Germi
hospitals. The used instrument was a researcher-made
questionnaire including demographic data
and characteristics of the child’s
seizure attack. Validity of questionnaire
was determined using the content validity
method and its reliability was also measured
by the observational method. Data were
analyzed using SPSS version 22 and descriptive
statistics of mean and standard deviation,
Chi-square and T-test.
Findings:
The prevalence of febrile convulsion in
Germi and Parsabad during a year was 6.25%.
Among 148 children, 87 children were male
and 61 of them were females. The average
age of patients was 24.6 ± 15.15
months and the peak of febrile seizure
prevalence was between the ages of 1 to
2 years, and the majority of the cases
had (81.8%) simple febrile seizure. The
most common cause of fever in patients
was upper respiratory infection (39.2%)
and diarrhea (18.2%), respectively. There
was a significant relationship between
previous history of seizure, duration
of seizure, age of child, duration of
fever onset to seizure occurrence and
seizure type(p<0/05).
Conclusion:
This study showed that the prevalence
of febrile convulsion in children younger
than 2 years old is more common in males
and prevalence of simple seizure is more
common compared to complexseizure. Also,
the history of seizure, seizure duration,
child’s age, and duration of fever
onset to seizure occurrence are effective
in seizure incidence.
Key words:
Febrile seizure, children, etiology, clinical
pattern, epidemiologic characteristics
|
Febrile seizure is the most common neurological
disorder in children (1), and it happens in
3-5% of American and European children and over
14% in Asian children under the age of 6 (2).
Febrile seizure refers to those cases where
seizure occurs at temperatures higher than 38
° C in children from one month to seven
years, who are neurologically healthy and have
no sign of CNS infection or acute electrolyte
imbalance and previous history febrile seizure
(3). Febrile seizures mostly occur in children
between the ages of six months and six years
(2). The most prevalent age for affected children
is 10 to 18 months and in 75%, it occurs in
children younger than 3 years old (4,5). Febrile
seizure occurs at temperatures above 38 °
C and it requires acute, emergency, chronic
and long-term control (6). The cause of febrile
seizure remains unknown, and so far 3 categories
of dominant autosomal genes have been identified
that justify the occurrence of familial fever
and seizure (7). Positive family history has
been confirmed as one of the predisposing factors
for febrile convulsion (8,9,10). There is some
seasonal differences in febrile convulsion occurrence
and maximum prevalence can be observed in November
and January (probably due to infection of the
upper respiratory tract), June and July (possibly
due to intestinal infection) in children (11).
Viral infections of the upper respiratory system,
Acute Otitis Media, gastroenteritis and roseola
infantum are among the most common causes of
fever in these patients. Fever and convulsion
based on clinical symptoms are divided into
two groups of simple and complex seizure (12,
13). Despite the existing studies in children’s
neurology, the discussion of febrile seizure
is one of the topics which is always a lot of
controversy about clinical and epidemiological
patterns regarding the effect of genetic factors
and climatic conditions on its incidence (14,15,16).
Therefore, regional and global studies are needed
to investigate the characteristics of febrile
seizure and in identifying the patients who
are at risk, and investigating demographic characteristics
such as age, sex, family history, type of seizure,
and the interval between febrile onset and seizure
so that extra measures can be taken to prevent
the recurrence of attacks. For example in Iran,
various studies reveal different statistics.
A study in Tabriz in 2004 showed that, 40% of
children were admitted in hospital because of
febrile convulsion (17), and in Birjand in 2007,
70.4% of children admissions was due to febrile
convulsion (16). Due to the lack of studies
regarding demographic and etiological characteristics
and clinical patterns of fever and seizure in
Germi and Parsabad, the aim of this study was
to assess the etiology, epidemiology and clinical
characteristics of children with febrile seizure
in hospital in 2016. So, the medical and nursing
staff take them into account to take the needed
action in the treatment of febrile seizures.
This study was a retrospective descriptive
cross-sectional study. In this study, all files
of children admitted to the Parsabad and Germi
Hospitals from April to March 2016 due to febrile
seizure were studied. Cases with incomplete
information, or patients who were discharged
in less than 24 hours, or patients with signs
of central nervous system infection or electrolyte
and metabolic disorders, and feverless seizures,
were excluded and finally, 148 cases were included
in the study. In this study, after obtaining
permission from competent authorities, data
were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire.
The questionnaire consisted of two parts. The
first part included demographic information,
and the second part contained 20 questions about
the characteristics of seizure including the
age of the first seizure attack, the type and
duration of seizure, the frequency of convulsion,
temperature during the seizure, family history
and cause of fever and pre-seizure measures
to reduce fever. Validity of questionnaire was
evaluated using content validity method and
was evaluated by faculty members of Ardabil
University of Medical Sciences. The reliability
of questionnaire was also obtained by using
the observational method (r = 0.89). Data were
analyzed using SPSS version 22 and statistical
descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and
analytical (Chi-square and T-test) methods.
The analysis showed that during one year, 148
children with febrile seizure were admitted
to the two hospitals and compared to the total
number of children admitted in the same year,
the incidence of seizure was 6.25%. In this
regard, 121 children (81.8%) had simple seizure
and 27 children (18.2%) had partial seizure.
Among these children, 87 (58.8%) cases were
males and 61 (41.2%) cases were female. Chi-square
test showed that, there is no significant relationship
between sex of child and type of seizure (p
= 0/27).
Investigating the duration of seizure showed
that, in the majority of children, or in 65
cases (43.9%), seizure duration was less than
or equal to 5 minutes. Previous history of seizure
was negative in 116 children (78.4%) and was
positive in 32 children (21.6%). Family history
of seizure was positive in only 14 children
(9.5%) and family history of epilepsy was positive
in 8 children (5.4%) in the immediate family.
Chi-square test showed a significant relationship
between seizure type and previous history of
seizure as well as seizure duration with seizure
type (p = 0.000). However, there was no significant
relationship between the duration of seizure
with previous history of seizure.
In both types of simple and partial seizure,
natural delivery was the most common type of
delivery, however, the Chi-square test showed
that there is no significant relationship between
type of delivery and type of seizure (p = 0.09).
In this study, 73 children (49.3%) had the first
birth rank, 57 children (38.5%) had a second
birth rank and 14 children (9.5%) had a third
birth rank and four children (2.8%) had fourth
or more birth rank. According to Chi-square
test, there was no significant relationship
between birth rank, type of delivery with seizure
type, previous history of seizure in childhood
and cause of febrile convulsion.
The average age of patients was 24.6 ±
15.15 months; the minimum age was three months
and the maximum age was 66 months. Most of the
cases, or about 50 children (33.7%) were in
the age range of 1 to 2 years old and the lowest
rate, or 3 children (2.1%) were in the age range
of 5 to 6 years. The results of t-test showed
that, there is a significant relationship between
age of child and type of seizure (p = 0.023).
So, complex seizure mostly occurred in older
children. However, no significant relationship
was found between the cause of febrile seizure
and the age of child. Investigating the duration
between fever onset and seizure occurrence showed
that, in 126 children seizures occurred (85.1%)
in less than 24 hours after the onset of fever.
Chi-square test showed a significant relationship
between duration of febrile seizure and seizure
type (p = 0.009). However, no significant relationship
was found between previous history of seizure
and the cause of febrile convulsion. The average
temperature of children with fever and seizure
was 38.86 ± 0.85 ° C after first
hospitalization; in children with simple seizure
it was 38.969 ± 0.88 and in children
with complex seizure it was 64.40 ± 91.9
° C. T-test showed that, there is no significant
relationship between average temperature and
seizure type, previous history of seizure and
cause of febrile convulsion.
Among the causes of fever in children with
seizure, 58 cases of upper respiratory tract
infection (39.2%), 27 cases of dysentery (18.2%),
24 cases of idiopathic factors, (16.2%), 16
cases of pneumonia (10.8%), 14 cases of urinary
tract infection (9.5%), 5 cases of otitis media
(3.4%) and 4 cases after vaccination (2.7%)
were the most common causes of fever in children
with febrile seizure. Chi-square test showed
no significant relationship between the cause
of fever in children with seizure type and previous
history of seizure in children. In this study,
Spring with 45 cases was the season with the
most incidence of seizure (30.4%), after that
winter with 37 cases (25%), autumn with 35 cases
(23.6%) and summer with 31 cases (21%) were
in the next rankings, respectively. Chi-square
test showed that, there is no significant relationship
between season of febrile convulsion, seizure
type and previous history of seizure, but there
is a significant relationship between the cause
of fever and the season of febrile convulsion
(p = 0.0337). In spring and winter, the most
common cause of febrile seizure was upper respiratory
tract infections and dysentery was the most
common cause in Summer (Table 1).
The findings of mothers’ demographic data
showed that, the average age of mothers of children
with convulsion was 28.54 ± 5.48 years
old. 67 (45.3%) mothers had under diploma, 58
(39.2%) of mothers had diploma and 23 (15.5%)
had university education. T-test showed that,
there is no significant relationship between
mothers’ age with seizure type, previous
history of seizure and cause of febrile seizure
in children. Also, Chi-square test did not show
a significant relationship between mothers’
education and type of seizure, history of seizure
and the cause of febrile seizure in children.
138 (93.2%) mothers mentioned the absence of
perinatal problems, and only 10 (6.8%) mothers
mentioned perinatal problems. 139 (93.9%) mothers
mentioned the absence of a history of disease,
and only 9 (6.6%) of mothers referred to diseases
such as neurological problems, depression, diabetes,
and previous history of seizure. 143 (96.6%)
mothers mentioned non-smoking during pregnancy,
and only 5 (3.4%) mothers mentioned the history
of smoking during pregnancy. According to Chi-square
test, no significant relationship was found
between prenatal problems, history of disease
in mothers, and smoking during pregnancy with
seizure type, history of seizure and febrile
convulsion.
126 (85.1%) mothers did some fever reduction
measures before their children’s seizure,
and only 22 (14.9%) of them did not take any
measures to reduce fever. 48 (32.4%) mothers
tried to reduce the fever, using foot-bath and
acetaminophen, 33 (22.3%) mothers only used
acetaminophen, 8 (4.5%) mothers only used ibuprofen
and 8 mothers (4.3%) used foot-bath and other
medicines. There was no significant relationship
between pre-seizure measures and seizure type,
previous history of seizure and the cause of
febrile convulsion (Table 2 ).
Click here for Table
1: Comparison of Variables with Febrile Seizure
Type
Click here for Table
2: Comparison of mother variables with febrile
seizure type
In
this
study,
148
children
with
febrile
convulsion
with
an
average
age
of
24.6
±
15.15
months
were
studied
and
the
minimum
and
maximum
ages
were
3
and
66
months,
respectively.
65.7%
of
children
had
febrile
seizure
in
the
first
2
years
of
life.
Most
studies
confirm
this
case.
In
a
study
by
Ghasemi
et
al
most
of
the
hospitalized
children
were
between
9
months
to
2
years
(18).
In
a
study
by
Fallah
and
colleagues,
66%
of
febrile
convulsion
cases
were
under
2
years
(15).
In
a
study
by
Khoda
Panahandeh
and
colleagues,
the
average
age
of
children
with
febrile
seizure
was
20.5
±
9.8
months
and
the
minimum
and
maximum
age
of
children
was
6
and
45
months,
respectively
(19).
In
a
study
by
Bazegar
and
colleagues,
the
average
age
of
children
was
29.9
±
21.2
months
(14).
In
a
study
by
Abbas
khaniyan
and
his
colleagues,
the
average
age
of
children
with
febrile
seizure
was
5.1
±
0.88,
and
the
highest
incidence
was
in
the
range
of
1
to
2
years
old
(20).
In
a
study
by
Namakin
and
colleagues,
the
average
age
of
children
was
25.5
±
18.6
months
and
61.8%
of
children
with
febrile
convulsion
were
under
2
years
old
(16).
The
current
study,
similar
to
other
studies,
showed
the
higher
prevalence
of
seizure
following
fever
in
children
under
the
age
of
2.
Given
that
the
child
is
at
a
very
vulnerable
stage
in
terms
of
physical
and
mental
development,
therefore,
preventing
seizure
as
much
as
possible
and
raising
the
awareness
of
parents
are
important
measures
in
controlling
seizures
and
preventing
serious
physical
and
mental
harm.
In
the
present
study,
there
was
a
significant
relationship
between
age
and
type
of
seizure,
so
that
seizures
occurred
more
often
in
older
children.
This
finding
contradicted
the
findings
of
Barzegar
and
his
colleagues,
and
in
their
study
complex
seizures
mostly
occurred
in
children
with
lower
age
(14).
In
some
other
studies,
no
significant
relationship
was
found
between
age
and
type
of
seizure
(21,
16).
These
differences
in
results
can
be
due
to
the
difference
in
the
number
of
samples
in
different
studies.
In
this
study,
the
incidence
of
febrile
convulsion
in
males
was
more
than
females,
which
is
similar
to
the
results
of
other
studies.
They
showed
that
the
febrile
convulsion
prevalence
was
higher
in
boys
than
in
girls
(1,20,21,22).
Therefore,
male
sex
can
be
considered
a
risk
factor
for
fever
and
seizure
occurrence.
In
the
present
study,
21.6%
of
children
had
a
history
of
febrile
convulsion.
In
the
study
of
Fallah
and
colleagues,
29%,
and
in
the
study
of
Mohammadi
and
colleagues,
34%
of
children
had
previous
history
of
seizure
(15
and
1).
In
this
study,
9.5%
of
children
had
a
family
history
of
seizure
and
only
4.
5%
of
children
had
a
family
history
of
epilepsy
in
their
immediate
family,
while
in
other
studies
it
was
reported
at
about
20-30%.
This
difference
can
be
due
to
the
lack
of
memory
of
parents
regardingchildhood
seizures
or
the
refusal
to
express
their
own
history
of
seizure
due
to
cultural
and
personal
issues
(23
and
24).
There
was
no
meaningful
relationship
between
febrile
seizure
and
family
history
of
seizure
in
the
present
study.
However,
there
is
a
significant
relationship
between
the
previous
history
of
seizure
in
children
with
current
type
of
seizures,
so
that
complex
seizures
are
more
common
in
these
children.
This
finding
was
consistent
with
the
results
of
studies
by
Sanaei
Dashti
and
his
colleagues
(25).
According
to
studies,
one
third
of
children
with
febrile
seizure
will
experience
its
recurrence
and
10%
of
children
will
have
three
or
more
seizure
attacks.
Age
is
the
most
important
risk
factor
in
recurrence
of
febrile
convulsion
and
in
the
first
seizure
the
lower
the
age,
the
risk
of
recurrence
is
more
(26).
Considering
that
in
this
study,
the
age
of
most
children
is
between
the
ages
of
1-2,
serious
measures
should
be
taken
to
prevent
the
occurrence
of
serious
complications
in
the
child.
In
the
present
study,
most
children
had
simple
febrile
seizures.
In
other
studies,
this
finding
is
also
confirmed
(14,15,20,21).
It
can
be
concluded
that
epidemiologically,
the
prevalence
of
simple
seizure
is
more
than
complex
seizure
in
children
with
febrile
seizure.
In
the
majority
of
children
in
this
study,
the
duration
of
seizure
was
less
than
15
minutes.
In
the
study
of
Khoda
Panahande,
85%
of
cases
of
seizures
were
less
than
15
minutes,
and
in
the
study
of
Bazgar
and
colleagues,
94.1%
had
seizures
less
than
15
minutes,
which
is
consistent
with
the
results
of
this
study
(7.14).
Since
the
prevalence
of
fever
attacks
and
simple
seizures
was
higher
in
this
study,
one
of
the
main
attributes
of
this
kind
of
attack
is
the
duration
of
attack,
which
should
be
between
10-15
minutes.
In
the
present
study,
85.1%
of
children
had
seizure
during
the
first
24
hours
after
the
onset
of
fever.
This
finding
is
also
confirmed
by
other
studies,
and
over
80%
of
seizures
occurred
in
the
first
24
hours
after
onset
of
fever
(27,
20,
16,
14).
The
results
show
that,
in
the
case
of
fever
in
a
child,
the
first
24
hours
is
the
most
probable
time
for
the
occurrence
of
seizure
and
this
should
be
taught
to
parents
to
try
to
reduce
fever
in
different
ways
or
transfer
the
baby
to
the
nearest
health
center.
In
this
study,
seizure
prevalence
mostly
occurred
in
Spring,
then
Winter,
Autumn
and
Summer,
respectively.
In
the
study
of
Abbaskhaniyan
et
al.,
the
highest
prevalence
of
febrile
convulsion
was
in
Winter
(68.4%)
then
Autumn,
Summer
and
Spring,
respectively
(20).
In
the
study
of
Amini
et
al.,
the
highest
prevalence
of
febrile
convulsion
was
in
Summer
(43.9%),
Spring
(43.6%),
Winter
(42.7%)
and
Autumn
(35.7%),
respectively
(11).
This
could
be
due
to
climatic
differences
in
the
studied
areas.
In
the
present
study,
the
most
common
cause
of
fever
in
patients
was
upper
respiratory
tract
infections
and
diarrhea.
In
the
study
of
Imani
et
al.,
the
most
common
cause
of
febrile
seizure
was
unknown
fever
and
then
upper
respiratory
tract
infections
(21).
But
in
the
study
of
Abbaskhanian,
Falah
and
colleagues,
the
results
were
exactly
the
same
as
the
results
of
the
present
study
(20
and
15).
Different
results
may
be
due
to
different
climatic
conditions
and
common
diseases
of
each
region
in
different
seasons.
This
study
showed
that,
the
prevalence
of
febrile
convulsion
in
Germi
and
Parsabad
towns
was
6.25%
during
a
year.
It
was
more
common
in
children
less
than
2
years
old
and
in
males,
and
simple
seizure
type
was
more
common.
There
was
a
significant
relationship
between
previous
history
of
seizure,
duration
of
seizure,
age
of
child,
duration
of
fever
onset
to
seizure
occurrence
and
type
of
seizure.
Febrile
convulsion
is
a
common
neurological
disorder
in
children
and
is
one
of
the
reasons
for
child
hospitalization.
Hence,
providing
accurate
evidence
of
attacks
over
time
can
help
to
identify
potential
triggers
and
factors
accelerating
attacks.
So,
in
this
way
we
can
control
the
recurrence
of
attacks
and
reduce
the
incidence
of
seizure
events
in
children.
Based
on
the
results,
febrile
convulsion
occurrence
can
be
prevented
in
children
by
identifying
risk
factors
and
those
who
had
a
previous
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of
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