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Review Paper
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Education and Training
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Chief
Editor -
Abdulrazak
Abyad
MD, MPH, MBA, AGSF, AFCHSE
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Editorial
Office -
Abyad Medical Center & Middle East Longevity
Institute
Azmi Street, Abdo Center,
PO BOX 618
Tripoli, Lebanon
Phone: (961) 6-443684
Fax: (961) 6-443685
Email:
aabyad@cyberia.net.lb
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Publisher
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Lesley
Pocock
medi+WORLD International
11 Colston Avenue,
Sherbrooke 3789
AUSTRALIA
Phone: +61 (3) 9005 9847
Fax: +61 (3) 9012 5857
Email:
lesleypocock@mediworld.com.au
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Editorial
Enquiries -
abyad@cyberia.net.lb
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Advertising
Enquiries -
lesleypocock@mediworld.com.au
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While all
efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy
of the information in this journal, opinions
expressed are those of the authors and do not
necessarily reflect the views of The Publishers,
Editor or the Editorial Board. The publishers,
Editor and Editorial Board cannot be held responsible
for errors or any consequences arising from
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or the views and opinions expressed. Publication
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The contents
of this journal are copyright. Apart from any
fair dealing for purposes of private study,
research, criticism or review, as permitted
under the Australian Copyright Act, no part
of this program may be reproduced without the
permission of the publisher.
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| November 2014
- Volume 12 Issue 9 |
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From the
Editor
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The EBOLA epidemic in Africa and the spread
of the virus to other continents necessitates
a review on the current situation of EBOLA in
this issue by Lesley Pocock. In addition in
this issue of the journal a number of papers
deal with education of medical students and
residents in training in family medicine.
A cross sectional study was done at Oman Medical
College. All of the medical students who signed
up for an Objective Structured Clinical Examination
(OSCE) in Family Medicine were included. As
a part of the OSCE, the student performance
was evaluated by a simulated patient. After
the examination the students were asked to assess
their communication skills. The Calgary Cambridge
Observation Guide formed the basis for the outcome
measures used in the questionnaires. A total
of 12 items was rated on a Likert scale from
1–5 (strongly disagree to strongly agree).
A total 68 students participated in the examination,
88% (60/68) of whom responded to the questionnaire.
The response rate for the simulated patients
was 100%. Over all comparison showed that students
marginally over estimated in few areas as compared
to simulated patients. The authors concluded
that students and simulated patients assessment
has some agreement. Self-assessment is guiding
the future learning, providing reassurance,
and promoting reflection which helps students
to perform appropriately.
A paper from Sri Linka explored factors affecting
patients’ attitudes towards training students
in general practices. Six general practices to
represent different background (urban, semi urban,
male and female trainers) where students undergo
training, were selected for the study. Fifty consenting
consecutive adult patients from each practice
responded to a self administered questionnaire
following a consultation where medical students
had been present. A total of 300 patients (57.2
% females) participated in the study. 44.1% had
previously experienced students. Patients’
agreed to the presence of students during different
stages of consultation; 94.7% history taking,
81.7% examination over clothes, 54% examination
without shirt/blouse, 34.7% internal examination.
The authors concluded that General practitioner
trainers should be aware of the instances where
patients are reluctant to have students during
consultation and opportunity should be offered
to them to consult the doctor without students.
A randomized controlled prospective study was
done, at Prince Ali military hospital. The aim
is to evaluate the effect of delayed cord clamping
on infant’s hemoglobin at two months of
infant’s age for those whom were born to
mothers who had hemoglobin less than 11 grams/dl
at time of delivery.
One hundred and twelve (112) infants were included,
in which they studied the hemoglobin and ferritin
levels for these neonates from the cord and
then at age of two months. 112 neonates, who
were divided into two groups, early cord clamping
as group A (47 infants) and delayed cord clamping
as Group B (65 infants). The hemoglobin concentration
at two months of age was significantly higher
in group B than group A which was found to be
10.7 mg/dl compared to 9.2mg/dl respectively.
At two months of age tyhey were able to recruit
Eighty –two (82) infants, (33) infants
from group (A) early cord clamping and (49)from
group (B) delayed cord clamping, while they
missed follow up with 30 infants as the enrolled
mothers did not come back. The authors concluded
that iron stores and hemoglobin in infancy can
be improved in neonates born to anemic mothers
by delaying cord clamping at birth.
A descriptive cross-sectional study from Iraq
attempted to identify the prevalence of vision
and eye abnormalities in children up to five
years old attending two of primary health care
centers in Baghdad and to identify some risk
factors associated with vision and eye abnormalities
in this age group. The sampling was a non-probability
convenient sample of (407) children, and all
the illegible willing participants were subjected
to a self –structured close ended questionnaire
and were subjected to the following examinations
by the researcher alone. The prevalence of eye
and vision abnormalities is 6.14% (95%CI 4.09%
- 9.05%). The prevalence of strabismus was 4.4
%, abnormal visual acuity1.5%, nystagmus 0.5%,
congenital glaucoma 0.25%. In this study sample
the majority of children with ocular abnormalities
were from the second and fifth years of life
(p=0.008). The authors concluded that strabismus
and abnormal visual acuity are the most common
abnormalities detected in this study. The detected
eye and vision abnormalities were most commonly
distributed in children at the fifth and second
year of life.
A retrospective study looked Management of
primary postpartum Hemorrhage. Data for this
study was collected from Directorate of health
in Erbil city and record review from Maternity
Teaching Hospital, Primary Health Care Labour
room and Private Hospital. From the data of
Directorate of health in Erbil city and record
review a total of 73,954 births in Maternity
Teaching Hospital, primary health care center
and Private Hospital and home, 32,420 (43.8%)
women were at low-risk. About 1.3 percent (428/32,420)
of those low-risk women experienced a blood
loss greater than 1,000 mL. The result of this
study showed that sever primary postpartum hemorrhage
was experienced by 1.32 percent of low-risk
women inside Erbil city. Place of birth was
not associated with increasing the risk of sever
postpartum hemorrhage but active management
of third stage of labour increased the risk
by twofold. This study is welcoming and well-reasoned
scientific arguments in promoting third stage
labour care for women in developing countries.
Further studies tackling this condition are
necessary.
Chief Editor:
A. Abyad
MD, MPH, AGSF, AFCHSE
Email: aabyad@cyberia.net.lb
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