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November 2021 -
Volume 19, Issue 11


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From the Editor

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Prevalence and Associated Factors of Diabetic ketoacidosis among Patients Living with Type 1 Diabetes in Makkah Al-Mukarramah City
[Abstract]
[pdf]

Raghad Alhajaji, Khalid Almasodi, Afaf Alhajaji, Ahmad Alturkstani, Mayada Samkari
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94154

Gender differences of the clinical aspects and complication risks of diabetes mellitus among outpatient clinic visits, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
[Abstract]
[pdf]

Fathi El-Gamal, Abdulrahim Aljudaibi, Ahmed Alzahrani,
Layla Alharthy, Turki Huwait
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94155

Prevention of developmental delays among children at public healthcare facilities of Pakistan: protocol for a cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
[Abstract]
[pdf]

Nida Khan, Muhammad Amir Khan, Muhammad Ahmar Khan, Amna Ejaz, Azza Warraitch, Haroon Jehangir Khan
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94156

A retrospective study of thyroid hormone in Pediatrics: relationships with growth hormone correlation with effects of diabetes in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
[Abstract]
[pdf]

Faisal Mujeb Alshareef, Abdullah Hamad Alfaris, Nouryah Abdulaziz Alhafez, Alanoud Saleh Albuloshi, Abdulaziz Mshaal Aljuhni, Khalid Abdulrahman Almahmoud, Majed Abdulaziz Almajdui,
Khalid Ebrahim Alswayed, Saad Ibrahim Alghuraybi, Saleh Abdulmoneim Alomary, Abdullah Ahmad Alkhudher, Faisal Turki G Alharbi, Mohammed Ahmed Almuhanna, Musaad Abdulaziz Alrashod,
Khalid Ahmed Aljasser
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94157

Regional Covid

Impact of COVID-19 on patients receiving chemotherapy for gynecological cancer
[Abstract]
[pdf]

Mahmoud N. Andijani, Ahmad O. Alibrahim, Sheren F. Tmraz, Lamees F. ALshenqity, Abdulaziz S. Alaama, Bayan A. Zaatari, Nisreen M. Anfinan, Khalid H. Sait
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94158

Immune system response to the Covid 19 virus and 3rd boosters
[Abstract]
[pdf]

Mark Spigelman
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94159

Impact of Covid-19 on asthmatic patients in Western region in Saudi Arabia
[Abstract]
[pdf]

Abdulrhman Nasser Zaher Alghamdi, Amal Mohammed Albaqami, Areej Mohammed Abdullah,
Doha Abdulrahmman Alsukhayri, Hamad Albulrahman Alawi, Ameera Saeed Baabbad
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94161

Population and Community Studies

Knowledge, Attitude and Awareness towards Corneal Donation in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia
[Abstract]
[pdf]

Abdulrahman Mohammed Al-Amri, Faisal Misfer Alqahtani, Hassan Abdullah Alqahtani, Mansour Salem Alqahtani, Mohammed Moshabbab Alqahtani, Musaad Abdulrhman Al Shibli,
Riyad Ali Almastour, Abdulrahman Mohammed Al-Amri
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94162

Comparison of Body Image Perception and Depression in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) and Non-PCOS Women
[Abstract]
[pdf]

Sassi Kanwal, Syeda Sadia Fatima, Fatima Abid, Aliya Jafri, Fatima Hasan Kazmi, Nargis Fatima
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94163

Factors Associated with Not Continuing Initiated Breastfeeding among Saudi Females in Abha
[Abstract]
[pdf]

Yasmin Taha Mandoura, Majed Alsaleh, Safar Abadi Al-Saleem
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94164

Education and Training

Does test anxiety and gender have an impact on OSCE Performance among medical students?
[Abstract]
[pdf]

Farzana Rizwan Arain
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94165

Reviews

Clinical Efficacy and Cholesterol-Lowering Effects of Inclisiran
[Abstract]
[pdf]

Muhammad Danial bin Daud
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94166

Malignant Melanoma
[Abstract]
[pdf]

Mazin Abdalla
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94167

Non-surgical options to treat androgenic alopecia
[Abstract]
[pdf]

Mazin Abdalla
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94168
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Middle East Quality Improvement Program
(MEQUIP QI&CPD)


Chief Editor -
Abdulrazak Abyad MD, MPH, MBA, AGSF, AFCHSE

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Publisher -
Lesley Pocock
medi+WORLD International
AUSTRALIA
Email
: lesleypocock@mediworld.com.au
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November 2021 - Volume 19, Issue 11

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Diabetic ketoacidosis among Patients Living with Type 1 Diabetes in Makkah
Al-Mukarramah City

Abstract


Objective: To assess magnitude of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) among type-1 diabetics and to identify associated risk factors.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 236 type-1 diabetics in Makkah Al-Mukarramah City, Saudi Arabia.

Results: Among participants, 59.3% were males, 44.1% were diabetic for more than 5 years, while 70.8% reported past history of DKA. The main causes of DKA were gfirst presentation of the diseaseh (40.9%), and gdiscontinued treatmenth (37%). The HbA1c among 53.6% was above 9%. Almost all cases who experienced DKA were hospitalised (98.8%). Out of them, 9 (5.4%) suffered complications. Female patients were more likely to suffer from episodes of DKA than males (76% and 68.3%, respectively). Most patients whose parentsf highest education was primary level had DKA more frequently than those whose parentsf had postgraduate education. Patients with unemployed fathers had significantly higher frequency of DKA (p=0.004). Ketoacidosis was significantly more frequent among patients with parentsf consanguinity (p<0.001). Patients who had their current HbA1c level exceeding 9% had positive history of DKA compared to those with HbA1c level .7% (87.9% and 28.6%, respectively, p<0.001).

Conclusion: Most type-1 diabetics experience DKA, mainly with their first presentation of disease or due to discontinuation of treatment. DKA tends to occur more frequently among female patients, those with less educated parents or when their parents are relatives.

Key words: Type 1 diabetes, diabetic ketoacidosis, magnitude, risk factors.







 


 

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