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| From
the Editor |
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Editorial
A. Abyad (Chief Editor) |
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Original contribution/Clinical Investigation
Diabetes
Mellitus - Knowledge, Management and Complications:
Survey report from Faisalabad-Pakistan
Ijaz Anwer, Ahmad Shahzad, Kashmira Nanji, Farah
Haider, Muhammad Masood Ahmad
Alanine
aminotransferase indicates excess weight and
dyslipidemia
Mehmet Rami Helvaci, Orhan Ayyildiz* Mustafa
Cem Algin, Yusuf Aydin, Abdulrazak Abyad, Lesley
Pocock
Comparative Analysis of Antimicrobial Peptides
Gene Expression in Susceptible/Resistant Mice
Macrophages to Leishmania major Infection
Hamid Daneshvar, Iraj Sharifi, Alireza Kyhani,
Amir Tavakoli Kareshk, Arash Asadi
Does
socio-economic status of the patients have effect
on clinical outcomes after coronary artery bypass
grafting surgery?
Forough Razmjooei, Afshin Mansourian, Saeed
Kouhpyma
Comparison
of the uterine artery Doppler indices during
pregnancy between gestational diabetes and diabetes
mellitus and healthy pregnant women
Nazanin Farshchian, Farhad Naleini, Amir Masoud
Jaafarnejhad,
Parisa Bahrami Kamangar
Survey
single dose Gentamicin in treatment of UTI in
children with range of 1 month to 13 years old
in Jahrom during 2015
Ehsan Rahmanian, Farideh Mogharab,
Vahid Mogharab
Evaluation
of control of bleeding by electro cauterization
of bleeding points of amplatz sheath tract after
percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in Jahrom
Peymanieh hospital during year 2015-2016
Ali Reza Yousefi , Reza Inaloo
Comparison
of the three-finger tracheal palpation technique
with triple ID formula to determine endotracheal
tube depth in children 2-8 years in 2016-2017
Anahid Maleki, Alireza Ebrahim Soltani, Alireza
Takzare, Ebrahim Espahbodi,
Mehrdad Goodarzi , Roya Noori
Effect
of Sevoflurane and Propofol on pulmonary arterial
pressure during cardiac catheterization in children
with congenital heart diseases
Faranak Behnaz, Mahshid Ghasemi , Gholamreza
Mohseni, Azim Zaraki
Population and Community Studies
Prevalence
and risk factors of obesity in children aged
2-12 years in the Abu Dhabi Islands
Eideh Al-Shehhi, Hessa Al-Dhefairi, Kholoud
Abuasi, Noora Al Ali, Mona Al Tunaiji, Ebtihal
Darwish
Study
and comparison of psychological disorders in
normal students and students with multiple sclerosis
in Shahrekord
Neda Ardestani-Samani, Mohammad Rabiei, Mohammad
Ghasemi-Pirbalooti, Asghar Bayati, Saeid Heidari-Soureshjani
Comparative
study of self-concept, physical self-concept,
and time perspective between the students with
multiple sclerosis and healthy students in Shahrekord
Neda Ardestani-Samani, Mohammad Rabiei, Mohammad
Ghasemi-Pirbalooti, Asghar Bayati, Saeid Heidari-Soureshjani
Relationship
between Coping Styles and Religious Orientation
with Mental Health in the Students of the Nursing-Midwifery
Faculty of Zabol
Nasim Dastras, Mohsen Heidari Mokarrar, Majid
Dastras, Shirzad Arianmehr
Tuberculosis
in Abadan, Iran (2012-2016): An Epidemiological
Study
Ali-Asghar ValiPour, Azimeh Karimyan, Mahmood
Banarimehr, Marzieh Ghassemi, Maryam Robeyhavi,
Rahil Hojjati,
Parvin Gholizadeh
Family
Stability and Conflict of Spiritual Beliefs
and Superstitions among Yazdi People in Iran:
A Qualitative Study
Zahra Pourmovahed , Seyed Saied Mazloomy Mahmoodabad
; Hassan Zareei Mahmoodabadi ; Hossein Tavangar
; Seyed Mojtaba Yassini Ardekani ; Ali Akbar
Vaezi
A
comparative study of the self-actualization
in psychology and Islam
Simin Afrasibi, Zakieh Fattahi
The
effectiveness of cognitive - behavioral therapy
in reducing the post-traumatic stress symptoms
in male students survivors of earthquake in
the central district of Varzeghan
Sakineh Salamat, Dr.Ahad Ahangar, Robab Farajzadeh
Reviews
Effects
and mechanisms of medicinal plants on stress
hormone (cortisol): A systematic review
Kamal Solati, Saeid Heidari-Soureshjani, Lesley
Pocock
Comparing
Traditional and medical treatments for constipation
: A Review Article
Mohammad Yaqub Rajput
A review
of anti-measles and anti-rubella antibodies
in 15- 25 year old women in Jahrom City in 2011
Ehsan Rahmania , Farideh Mogharab, Vahid Mogharab
Review
of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in children
below 12 years old in Jahrom hospital, during
2010-2014
Ali Reza Yousefi , Reza Inaloo
Physical
and mental health in Islam
Bahador Mehraki, Abdollah Gholami
International Health Affairs
The Challenges
of Implementation of Professional Ethics Standards
in Clinical Care from the viewpoint of Nursing
Students and Nurses
Saeedeh Elhami, Kambiz Saberi, Maryam Ban, Sajedeh
Mousaviasl, Nasim Hatefi Moadab, Marzieh Ghassemi
Cognitive
Determinants of Physical Activity Intention among
Iranian Nurses: An Application of Integrative
Model of Behavior Prediction
Arsalan Ghaderi, Firoozeh Mostafavi, Behzad Mahaki,
Abdorrahim Afkhamzadeh,
Yadolah Zarezadeh , Erfan Sadeghi
Effect
of resilience-based intervention on occupational
stress among nurses
Hossein Jafarizadeh, Ebrahim Zhiyani, Nader
Aghakhani, Vahid Alinejad, Yaser Moradi
Education and Training
Calculation
of Salaries and Benefits of Faculty Members
in the Ministry of Health and Medical Education
of Iran
Abdolreza Gilavand
The
effect of education on self-care behaviors of
gastrointestinal side effects on patients undergoing
chemotherapy
Shokoh Varaei, Ehsan Abadi Pishe, Shadan Pedram
Razie, Lila Nezam Abadi Farahani
Creating
and Validating the Faith Inventory for Students
at Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz
Solmaz Choheili, Reza Pasha, Gholam Hossein
Maktabi, Ehsan Moheb
Creating
and Validating the Adjustment Inventory for
the Students of Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz
Homa Choheili, Reza Pasha, Gholam Hossein Maktabi,
Ehsan Moheb
Evaluating
the Quality of Educational Services from the
Viewpoints of Radiology Students of Ahvaz Jundishapur
University of Medical Sciences
Abdolreza Gilavand, Jafar Fatahiasl
An
Investigation of Psychosocial aspect of Iranian
Nursing Students' Clinical Setting
Mahsa Boozaripour , Zanyar Karimi, Sima Zohari
Anbohi, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Fariba Borhani
Clinical Research and Methods
Comparison
of the Antibacterial Effects of Chlorhexidine
Mouth washes with Jaftex Mouth wash on Some
Common Oral Microorganisms (An in Vitro Study)
Ebrahim Babadi, Zahra Bamzadeh, Fatemeh Babadi
Study
of the effect of plasma jet on Fusarium isolates
with ability to produce DON toxins
Elham Galin Abbasian, Mansour Bayat, Arash chaichi
Nosrati, Seyed Jamal Hashemi, Mahmood Ghoranneviss
The
comparison of anti-inflammatory effect in two
methods of topical dexamethasone injection and
topical application of ginger alcoholic extract
after removing mandibular wisdom teeth
Sahar Zandi, Seyyed Muhammadreza Alavi, Kamran
Mirzaie, Ramin Seyedian, Narges Aria, Saman
Jokar
The effect
of curcumin on growth and adherence of major
microorganisms causing tooth decay
Leila Helalat, Ahmad Zarejavid, Alireza Ekrami,
Mohammd Hosein Haghighizadeh, Mehdi Shiri Nasab
|
|
Chief
Editor -
Abdulrazak
Abyad
MD, MPH, MBA, AGSF, AFCHSE
.........................................................
Editorial
Office -
Abyad Medical Center & Middle East Longevity
Institute
Azmi Street, Abdo Center,
PO BOX 618
Tripoli, Lebanon
Phone: (961) 6-443684
Fax: (961) 6-443685
Email:
aabyad@cyberia.net.lb
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Lesley
Pocock
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AUSTRALIA
Phone: +61 (3) 9005 9847
Fax: +61 (3) 9012 5857
Email:
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efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy
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expressed are those of the authors and do not
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Editor and Editorial Board cannot be held responsible
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of this program may be reproduced without the
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| November 2017
- Volume 15, Issue 9 |
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|
Comparison of the Antibacterial
Effects of Chlorhexidine Mouth washes with Jaftex
Mouth wash on Some Common Oral Microorganisms
(An in Vitro Study)
Ebrahim Babadi (1)
Zahra Bamzadeh (2)
Fatemeh Babadi (3)
(1) Department
of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences,
Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University,
Sharekord, Iran.
(2) Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic
Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University,
Sharekord, Iran.
(3) Assistant Professor, Department of Oral
and Maxillofacial Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry,
Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences,
Ahvaz, Iran.
Corresponding author:
Dr Fatemeh
Babadi,
Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and
Maxillofacial medicine,
Faculty of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University
of Medical Sciences,
Ahvaz, Iran
Email:
Babadi.Fatemeh@yahoo.com
|
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Mouth
washes with anti-inflammatory and anti-plaque
properties are recommended to maintain
good oral hygiene. Thus the aim of this
study was to compare the antibacterial
effects of chlorhexidine mouth wash (CHX)
with Jaftex mouth wash.
Materials and
Methods: In this in vitro study‚
the disc diffusion method was used to
measure inhibition zone on tested mouth
washes on streptococus mutans‚ s.sanguis‚
s. salivarius and lactobacillus casei.
The tube dilution method was used for
determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations
(MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations
(MBC). Results were analyzed by using
ANOVA test. (P < 0/05 was considered
significant).
Results: The
CHX mouth wash significantly exhibited
greater inhibition zone than Jaftex. The
MICs for CHX and Jaftex were 2 and 20
micrograms/ml for S. mutans ‚ respectively.
The MBCs for the mentioned mouth washes
were 20 and 200 micrograms/ml for S.mutans,
respectively.
Discussion and
Conclusion: Jaftex mouth wash was
less potent than the CHX in inhibiting
growth on oral microorganisms and it is
recommended to be used for plaque inhibition.
Key words:
Chlorhexidine; Jaftex; Mouth wash; Oral
Microorganisms
|
Medicine in Iran has a history of thousands
of years (1). Dentistry is one of the most favorite
fields of study in Iran (2-3). There are about
500 species of bacteria in the mouth, some of
which cause mouth infectious diseases. (4-6).
The mouth is a perfect environment for colonization
and growth of a wide range of microorganisms
especially bacteria (7). The bacterial plaque
is a predisposing factor in destruction of the
teeth and periodontal tissue (8). Mouth rinses
will reduce bacterial plaque. Chlorhexidine
(CHX) has been known as a gold standard for
controlling plaque (9-11). Long-term use of
(CHX) causing complications such as dental stain,
changes in taste and dry mouth (12). The use
of herbal medicines in recent years due to antibacterial
and antifungal effects and less side effects
for oral health has been common (4,9,12). Herbal
mouth washes, due to having natural compounds
in terms of compatibility with the body’s
physiology and less poisoning, has a better
condition than CHX and is recommended for people
who do not have the possibility of using chemical
mouth rinses (13-14). Persian oak is one of
the medicinal plants and its many treatment
effects are listed (15). Antimicrobial properties
of various species of Persian oak in various
studies have been mentioned (16). A thin membrane
that covers the oak is called jaft. Jaft has
a great effect in the treatment of bacterial
and viral diseases such as oral aphthous lesions
(15). Jaftex is a new herbal mouth wash that
has been prepared in the pharmaceutical research
center of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of medical
sciences. Jaftex is a combination of extract
of oak Jaft (Oak Fruit) as a basis, extracts
of Zataria Multifiu and Saturej Bachtiarica.
This
study
aimed
to
compare
the
antibacterial
effects
of
Cholorhexidine
mouth
wash
and
Jaftex
on
some
common
oral
microorganisms.
This
study
is
an
in
vitro
study.
The
mouth
wash
of
CHX
2/0%
(Iran
Nazhvan)
was
used
in
this
study.
To
prepare
Jaftex
aqueous
extracts
of
oak,
Zataria
Multifiu
and
Saturej
Bachtiarica
were
taken
and
after
combining
the
extracts
9
grams
of
sodium
chloride
were
added
and
with
distilled
water
reached
to
one
m/l.
To
prepare
bacterial
suspensions,
bacterial
vials
were
purchased
from
collection
of
fungi
and
bacteria
Iran
(Pasteur)
which
included:
Streptococcus
mutans
(PTCC
1683),
S.
sanguinis
(PTCC
1449),
S.
salivarius
(PTCC
1448)
and
Lactobacillus
casei
(PTCC
1608).
According
to
the
manufacturer’s
instructions
they
were
dissolved
in
sterile
saline.
Following
that
bacterial
suspension
was
cultured
on
solid
medium
(blood
agar,
Merck
Germany)
and
incubated
at
37
°
C
for
24
-
48
hours.
A
colony
was
isolated
from
fresh
cultures
of
bacteria
and
was
dissolved
in
saline
until
approximate
concentration
of
1.5
×
10^8
cfu
(equal
to
n:
05
Mcfarland
Standrd)
was
obtained.
Suspension
of
any
bacteria
was
cultured
on
medium
(MHA).
Using
dilute
method,
2
ml
of
each
mouth
wash
was
dissolved
in
2
ml
of
distilled
water
until
the
first
concentration
reached
1
mg
per
ml.
To
obtain
the
second
concentration
(5.0
mg
per
ml),
the
amount
of
1
cc
of
this
solution
was
dissolved
with
2
ml
of
distilled
water,
and
so
the
next
concentrations
(0.25-0.125
-
0.0625)
for
both
chlorhexidine
mouth
wash
and
Jaftex
were
obtained,
respectively.
The
blank
disks
on
each
medium
were
placed
in
a
row
and
mouth
washes
were
cultured
on
the
disks
from
the
highest
to
the
lowest
concentration
and
were
incubated
at
37
°
C
for
24
hours.
After
disks
of
bacteria
Streptococcus
mutans,
Streptococcus
sanguinis,
Streptococcus
salivarius
and
Lactobacillus
casei
were
cultured,
for
each
concentration
of
chlorhexidine
and
Jaftex
and
were
evaluated,
and
inhibition
zone
was
measured
using
Antibiogram
ruler.
Then
the
two
mouth
washes
without
dilution
and
with
standardized
dilutions
(chlorhexidine
0/2%
and
Jaftex)
were
cultured
on
the
above
microorganisms
similar
to
the
above
method.
Then
minimum
inhibitory
concentration
(MIC)
and
minimum
bactericidal
concentration
(MBC)
of
each
mouth
washes
were
determined.
so
that
each
tube,
8
ml
of
medium,
1
ml
bacteria
and
1
ml
of
mouth
wash
were
added
and
then
1
ml
removed
from
the
first
tube
and
was
added
to
the
second
tube
and
so
on
until
the
fourth
tube
reached
concentrations
of
200-20-2-0.2)
micrograms
per
milliliter,
respectively.
Then
they
were
incubated
at
37°
C
for
24
hours,
then
the
transparency
of
the
tubes
was
checked
visually.
Tubes
without
turbidity,
indicated
the
inhibition
of
bacterial
growth.
The
tube
that
showed
the
highest
concentration
of
residual
turbid
mouth
wash
was
MIC.
The
respective
mouthwashes
were
transferred
to
a
solid
medium
(blood
agar,
Merck
Germany)
and
were
evaluated
in
terms
of
microbial
growth
to
determine
the
MBC
of
mouth
washes.
The
last
tube
which
was
negative
in
terms
of
culture
on
solid
medium,
indicated
the
MBC
of
mouth
washes.
This
procedure
was
performed
for
all
bacterial
strains.
This
test
was
performed
for
all
four
target
bacteria.
The
data
were
analyzed
with
ANOVA
test
using
SPSS
software
version
13.0.
P
value
less
than
0.05
was
considered
significant.
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