|
A
Study of the Association of Smoking
with Cardiometabolic Risk
Fouzy Mohammad Lesloom1,
Jaber Ali Saad Bani Humayyim2,
Fahad Zamil Alyami2, Obeid
Mohammed Laslom3, Mohammed
Ali Bani Hamaim4,
Mohamed Hussien Bany Hammem5,
Manal Mohammed Ali Alqahtani6,
Hasan Hommadi6, Latifah Hommadi7,
Samar Sultan8
(1) Laboratory Specialist, Thar
General Hospital, Saudi Arabia
(2) Laboratory technician, Thar
General Hospital, Saudi Arabia
(3) Nursing Technician, Forensic
Medical Services Center, Najran,
Saudi Arabia
(4) Dental Technician, Habuna General
Hospital¸ Saudi Arabia
(5) Radiology technician, Habuna
General Hospital¸ Saudi Arabia
(6) Armed Forces Hospital - Southern
Region, Saudi Arabia
(7) Ahad Rufaidah General Hospital,
Saudi Arabia
(8) Associate Professor, Clinical
Biochemistry, Medical Laboratory
Sciences Department, Faculty of
Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz
University, Saudi Arabia
Corresponding Author:
Fouzy Mohammad Lesloom,
Thar General Hospital, Saudi Arabia
Email: fawzy7755@gmail.com
Received: September 2023. Accepted:
October 2023; Published: November
1, 2023.Citation: Fouzy Mohammad
Lesloom et al. A Study of the Association
of Smoking with Cardiometabolic
Risk. World Family Medicine. November
2023; 21(10): 17-27. DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2023.95256210
|
Abstract
Aim of the study: To explore
the effects of cigarette smoking
on cardiometabolic risk in
Saudis in Jeddah City.
Methods:
Following a descriptive case-control
approach, the study included
160 healthy Saudi adults who
were sampled consecutively
(100 smokers [60 males and
40 females] and 60 non-smokers
[36 males and 24 females]).
Personal characteristics,
smoking patterns, and cardiometabolic
risk assessment were included
in a questionnaire. Each participant’s
cardiometabolic functions
were assessed by drawing blood.
Results:
Among participant smokers,
80% smoked one pack daily,
while 20% smoked more than
one pack daily. Smokers had
insignificantly higher levels
of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol,
and non-HDL, significantly
higher vWF functional activity,
and high-sensitivity cardiac
troponin I (p<0.001 for
both), but significantly lower
albumin and total bilirubin
levels than non-smokers (p=0.026,
and p<0.001, respectively).
The number of daily cigarettes
consumed correlated positively
and significantly with plasma
levels of LDL-cholesterol
(r=0.225, p=0.004), non-HDL
cholesterol (r=0.220, p=0.005),
vWF function activity (r=410,
p<0.001), high-sensitivity
cardiac troponin I (r=0.686,
p<0.001), but negatively
correlated with total bilirubin
(r=-0.459, p<0.001). Moreover,
the cigarette smoking intensity
correlated positively and
significantly with the participant’s
systolic blood pressure (r=0.303,
p<0.001) and diastolic
blood pressure (r=0.300, p<0.001),
body mass index (r=0.448,
p<0.001), and waist-to-hip
ratio (r=0.493, p<0.001).
Those who had smoked for more
than 10 years had significantly
higher plasma levels of triglycerides
(p=0.031), total cholesterol
(p=0.023), LDL cholesterol
(p=0.011), non-HDL cholesterol
(p=0.008), vWF functional
activity (p<0.001), systolic
blood pressure (p=0.011),
and diastolic blood pressure
(p=0.023). Moreover, heavy
smokers had a significantly
higher BMI (p=0.001) and waist-to-hip
ratio among male smokers (p=0.003).
Conclusions:
Cigarette smoking is associated
with increased dyslipidemia,
body mass index, and central
obesity, in addition to higher
vWF functional activity. Increased
hs-cTnI levels in smokers
indicate a higher risk of
heart failure and cardiovascular
death.
Keywords:
smoking, cardiometabolic risk,
lipid profile, liver function,
troponin.
|
|
