This issue has a number of interesting cases , review and research from the region and the World.

A paper from Japan by Miki et al., looked at the the clinical usefulness of the muff in treating psychological stress in older people with dementia, and to examine how to use it in dementia care.

Eighteen patients aged ?65 years with a "level of independence in activities of daily living for older people with dementia" of I-III who were using long-term care insurance services were included in the study. Participants were asked to freely touch the muff for 20 min, and measurements of the salivary amylase activity levels and mood inventory (MI) taken before and after the intervention were compared. The mean salivary amylase activity values tended to decrease after the intervention, although this was not statistically significant, and no significant changes were observed in the five MI factors: "nervousness and excitement," "exhilaration," "fatigue," "depression," or "anxiety." The female participants shared stories about their childhood or family during the intervention, and provided positive feedback on the muffs. The authors concluded that Muffs may promote life reviews and positively affect the mental health of older people with dementia.

Dr Alkeir assessed the level of knowledge, attitudes, and importance of lifestyle medicine pillars among physicians and nurses actively working in Dubai Academic Health corporation - Primary health care service. He followed an Observational cross-sectional study was designed. Convenient sampling method was used. Respondents were stratified into physicians and nurses. Online based validated questionnaire used to collect data. Mean composites used to compare between groups. SPSS version 29.0 was used to analysed data. Four hundred and twenty-six participants (426) were invited to participate in the study. The response rate was 61.97% (106 physicians, 158 nurses). The mean composite of knowledge for physicians was 0.632 +/- 0.18 vs 0.414 +/- 0.13 for nurses (p value < 0.05). The mean composite for interest in physicians' group was 0.93 +/- 0.27 vs 0.78 +/- 0.39 in nurses' group (p value <0.05). Mean composite for importance in physicians' group was 3.75 +/- 1.18 vs 3.87 +/- 0.78 in nurses' group (p value >0.05). Healthy nutrition was the top important pillar and social connectedness was the less important pillar. The author concluded that the study showed the need for more knowledge among health care providers, particularly among nurses' population.

Khawaja et al., did a cross sectional study was conducted to assess the influence of gender on patient's satisfaction with a medical care received at family medicine clinics in a newly established hospital in Riyadh. Questionnaires were administered to 200 randomly select volunteer patients during January to March, 2022. A total of 148 anonymously completed questionnaires were returned to the investigator. Descriptive statistics were generated for demographic variables. The Likert Scale was used to determine the level of patient's satisfaction and the Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine the difference between the men and women. Results show that the overall level of patient satisfaction on a Likert scale from 1 to 5 was indicated by a mean score of 4.21 ± 1.0 for men and 4.35 ± 0.945 for women patients. The highest satisfaction by both men and women patients was with family physicians and the lowest for waiting time and availability of reading material in the waiting room. Women were more satisfied with the nursing services and environment of waiting room, but was not statistically significant. Mann-Whitney U test illustrates that the Patient's gender has no discernable impact on his or her ratings of satisfaction (p >0.5) on a 26 items questionnaire

Alzahrani, looked at the effectiveness of concurrent pilocarpine treatment on xerostomia induced by radiation in patients suffering from malignancies. The author stressed that simultaneous pilocarpine administration during radiation therapy may raise the salivary flow rate six months after treatment and lower the xerostomia grade rated by clinician. Pilocarpine did not substantially affect patient-reported xerostomia during the first three months, but by the sixth month, it was better. Pilocarpine's side effects were moderate and bearable. He concluded that concurrent pilocarpine administration during radiation therapy lowers the xerostomia severity and increases the rate of salivary flow.

Helvaci, et al., looked whether Anti-inflammatory dose of aspirin plus low-dose warfarin may increase the leg performance in Buerger's disease. All patients with sickle cell diseases (SCD) were studied. We included 222 males and 212 females with similar ages. Smoking (23.8% vs 6.1%, p<0.001), alcohol (4.9% vs 0.4%, p<0.001), transfused red blood cells (RBC) in their lives (48.1 vs 28.5 units, p=0.000), disseminated teeth losses (5.4% vs 1.4%, p<0.001), ileus (7.2% vs 1.4%, p<0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (25.2% vs 7.0%, p<0.001), cirrhosis (8.1% vs 1.8%, p<0.001), leg ulcers (19.8% vs 7.0%, p<0.001), clubbing (14.8% vs 6.6%, p<0.001), coronary heart disease (18.0% vs 13.2%, p<0.05), chronic renal disease (9.9% vs 6.1%, p<0.05), and stroke (12.1% vs 7.5%, p<0.05) were higher in males. The authors concluded that the hardened RBC-induced capillary endothelial damage initiates at birth, and terminates with leg ulcers-like atherosclerotic endpoints even at childhood in SCD. Similarly, smoking causes a systemic inflammation on vascular endothelium terminating with an accelerated atherosclerosis-induced end-organ insufficiencies in whole body. Its atherosclerotic effect is the most obvious in the COPD and Buerger's disease, probably due to the higher concentrations of toxic substances in lungs and pooling of blood in lower extremities. Since the already developed vascular stenoses are irreversible in Buerger's disease, anti-inflammatory dose of aspirin plus low-dose warfarin may be the best treatment regimen to protect fingers and toes from acute infarctions. The regimen may even increase the leg performance by preventing acute ischemias in microcirculation of the legs.

We review a book - Suicidal Behavior in Muslim Majority Countries - Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Prevention by S. M. Yasir Arafat, Mohsen Rezaeian and Murad M. Khan (Editors)
The editors advise there has been no serious attempt to study suicidal behaviors in Muslim-majority countries previously and the book covers epidemiology, risk factors of suicidal behavior, and the challenges of suicide prevention.

Finally Lesley Pocock provides an essay on Social Media and adolescent Mental Health. The Essay provides a look at the various issues concerning social media and the mental health of adolescents and explores how governments in Australia, India, the UK and US are responding to these issues.